Is it preferable for the owner to distribute Zakat personally?

Chapter on Zakat on Sheep

Al-Mughni

Book of Zakat

Book 8 · Issue 1 · Bab 3

Open in Qurani

Primary text

It is recommended for a person to distribute Zakat themselves to be certain it reaches the rightful recipients, whether the wealth is apparent (Zahirah) or hidden (Batinah). Imam Ahmad found personal distribution more desirable than delegating it to the Sultan, though delegation to the Sultan is permissible. Al-Hasan, Mak'hul, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, and Maymun ibn Mihran held that the owner should place it in its proper place. The general principle supporting personal distribution is that it constitutes the direct delivery of a right to its rightful owner, it preserves the wages of the distributors, protects the right from the risk of betrayal, and allows the owner to directly alleviate the distress of the recipient, especially kin and neighbors who are most deserving. This direct action is considered superior, similar to cases where the recipient is not known to be just.

Supporting text

A dissenting view from Al-Thawri states that if the appointed distributors do not place the Zakat correctly, one should swear an oath against them and refuse to give them anything, or alternatively, to simply not give it to them if they fail to place it correctly. 'Ata' permitted giving it to them only if they placed it correctly.