What is the ruling when multiple expiations of different types are due, such as Zihar, killing, sexual intercourse during Ramadan, and an oath?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Zihar
Primary text
If the due expiations are of different types (e.g., Zihar, killing, sexual intercourse during Ramadan, and oath), Abu al-Khattab held that specifying the cause for each act of expiation is not required. This aligns with Al-Shafi'i's position, arguing that since it is a required act of worship, its validity does not depend on specifying the cause, similar to when multiple expiations of the same type are due. If only one expiation is due but the cause is unknown, one expiation suffices, according to Abu Bakr.
Supporting text
Al-Qadi suggested that specifying the cause might be required, which is attributed to Ahmad and is the position of Abu Hanifa. They argue that since they are two acts of worship of different kinds, specifying the intention is necessary, analogous to when one owes a fast for makeup (Qada') and a vow (Nathr). Following this view, if one owes three days of fasting from unknown sources (oath expiation, Qada', or Nathr), he must fast nine days (three for each potential cause).