Musannaf Ibn Abi Shayba 36:150

Qarrad Abu Nuh narrated to us, he said: Ikrimah ibn Ammar al-Ijli narrated to us, he said: Simak al-Hanafi Abu Zumayl narrated to us, he said: Ibn Abbas narrated to me, he said: Umar ibn al-Khattab narrated to me, he said: When it was the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) looked at his companions, and they were three hundred and some, and he looked at the polytheists, and behold, they were a thousand and more. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) faced the Qibla, then stretched out his hands while he was wearing his cloak and his lower garment, then said: "O Allah, fulfill for me what You have promised me. O Allah, if this band of the people of Islam perishes, You will never be worshipped on earth again." He continued to beseech his Lord and call upon Him until his cloak fell off. Abu Bakr came to him, took his cloak, and put it back on him, then embraced him from behind and said: "O Prophet of Allah, your pleading with your Lord is sufficient for you, for He will fulfill for you what He has promised you." Then Allah revealed: "When you were seeking help of your Lord and He answered you, 'Indeed, I will reinforce you with a thousand from the angels, following one another.'" When it was that day and they met, Allah defeated the polytheists. Seventy men were killed from them, and seventy men were taken captive from them. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) consulted Abu Bakr, Umar, and Ali. Abu Bakr said: "O Prophet of Allah, these are the cousins, the kin, and the brothers. I see that you should take a ransom from them, so that what we take from them may be a strength for us against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them, and they will be a support for us." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "What do you see, O son of al-Khattab?" I said: "By Allah, I do not see what Abu Bakr saw. Rather, I see that you should enable me to deal with so-and-so—a relative of Umar—so I strike his neck, and enable Ali to deal with Aqil so he strikes his neck, and enable Hamza to deal with his brother so-and-so so he strikes his neck, until Allah knows that there is no softness in our hearts toward the polytheists. These are their chiefs, their leaders, and their commanders." The Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) favored what Abu Bakr said and did not favor what I said, so he took the ransom from them. When it was the next day, Umar said: "I went to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and behold, he and Abu Bakr were sitting and weeping. I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, tell me what makes you and your companion weep? If I find a reason to weep, I will weep, and if I do not find a reason to weep, I will feign weeping for your weeping.'" The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Because of the ransom that was offered to your companions. Indeed, your punishment was offered to me closer than this tree"—to a tree nearby. And Allah revealed: "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land. You desire the fleeting goods of this world," up to His saying: "Had it not been for a decree from Allah that preceded, you would have been touched by a great punishment for what you took." Then He made the spoils of war lawful for them. When it was the day of Uhud the following year, they were punished for what they had done on the day of Badr by taking the ransom. Seventy of them were killed, the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fled, his incisor tooth was broken, the helmet was smashed on his head, and blood flowed down his face. And Allah revealed: "Why is it that when a disaster struck you, although you had struck [the enemy] with one twice as great, you said, 'From where is this?' Say, 'It is from yourselves.' Indeed, Allah is over all things competent," regarding their taking of the ransom.