Musnad Ahmad 1119:15

Abu al-Mughirah narrated to us, he said: Safwan narrated to us, he said: Abd al-Rahman ibn Jubayr ibn Nufayr narrated to us, from his father, from Awf ibn Malik, who said: The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, set out one day, and I was with him, until we entered a synagogue of the Jews in Medina on a day of theirs of celebration. They disliked our entering upon them. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to them: "O assembly of Jews, show me twelve men who will testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and Allah will remove from every Jew under the canopy of the sky the wrath with which He is angry at them." He said: They remained silent, and none of them answered him. Then he repeated it to them, and none answered him. Then he said it a third time, and none answered him. He said: "You have refused. By Allah, I am the Gatherer (al-Hashir), and I am the Successor (al-Aqib), and I am the Chosen Prophet (al-Nabi al-Mustafa), whether you believe or disbelieve." Then he turned away, and I was with him, until when we were about to exit, a man called out from behind us: "Stay as you are, O Muhammad." He said: So he turned back. That man said: "What kind of man do you know me to be among you, O assembly of Jews?" They said: "By Allah, we do not know that there was among us a man more knowledgeable of the Book of Allah than you, nor more learned than you, nor than your father before you, nor than your grandfather before your father." He said: "Then I testify by Allah for him that he is the Prophet of Allah whom you find in the Torah." They said: "You have lied." Then they refuted his statement and said evil things about him. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "You have lied; your word will not be accepted. Just a moment ago, you praised him with the good you praised him with, but when he believed, you called him a liar and said about him what you said. So your word will not be accepted." He said: So we went out, and we were three: the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, myself, and Abdullah ibn Salam. And Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed concerning him: "Say, 'Have you considered: if it is from Allah and you have disbelieved in it while a witness from the Children of Israel has testified to something similar and believed while you were arrogant? Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.'" [Al-Ahqaf: 10]