Tafsir of Yunus 10:75

(Then We sent) is a conjunction linked to: "Then We sent after them messengers to their people," conjoining one narrative to another.

(After them), that is, after those messengers (peace be upon them), (Moses and Aaron). Their mission was specifically highlighted, along with the detailed account that follows, to signify the momentous nature of the event and its profound impact.

(To Pharaoh and his chiefs), meaning the nobles of his people who gather for consultation, filling the eyes with splendor and the souls with awe and majesty. They were specifically mentioned because they are the primary figures responsible for administrative affairs and important matters, and they are the ones to whom all turn in times of crisis and calamity. It is also said that the intent here is the people in general, employing the specific to refer to the general.

(With Our signs), that is, Our proofs and miracles, which are the detailed signs mentioned in Surat Al-A'raf. The 'ba' (in 'bi-ayati-na') denotes accompaniment, meaning they were accompanied by these signs.

(But they were arrogant), meaning they acted haughtily, became conceited regarding themselves, and considered themselves too great to follow. The 'fa' (in 'fastakbaru') is expressive, implying: "So they came to them and conveyed the message, and consequently, they were arrogant." This arrogance refers to what occurred on their part at the beginning, such as Pharaoh saying to Moses (peace be upon him): "Did we not raise you among us as a child, and you remained among us for years of your life?" and other such remarks.

(And they were a criminal people) is a parenthetical, concluding sentence. It is permissible to interpret it as a state (hal), assuming an implicit "qad" (already). In both interpretations, it signifies their habitual criminality, which is the commission of grave sins; meaning, they were a people whose custom and practice was as such. It may be inferred from what has been mentioned that this is the reason for their arrogance. Interpreting the conjunction as a mere simple sequence does not befit the eloquence of the Quran, nor does it harmonize with it, for this extent of their character had already been established by their preceding descriptions.