Tafsir of Hud 11:32

They said, "O Noah, you have argued with us much," meaning you have disputed and contended with us. Its origin is from jadal (twisting) a rope, meaning to strengthen its braiding; from this comes al-jadil (the braid). Jadalta al-bina' means you strengthened the structure. A mujaddalah (woven) mail coat, al-ajdal (the falcon) for its firm build, and al-mujaddal (the palace) for its solidly constructed building. Dispute is called jidal because it is as if the two disputants are each trying to twist the other away from his opinion. It is also said that the origin of jidal is wrestling and throwing a person down onto the jadalah, which is the hard ground.

"And you have increased our argumentation" is a conjunction to what preceded it, in the sense that you began our argumentation and prolonged it, or that you brought one type of argumentation and followed it with others. The fa (in fa-aktharta) is in its literal sense, and there is no need to interpret jadalta-na as "you intended our argumentation," as the majority stated regarding the Almighty’s saying: "When you recite the Quran, seek refuge in God." A parallel to this is saying, "So-and-so argued and did so excessively." Some have made the sum of this a metonymy for persistence and continuity. Ibn Abbas (may God be pleased with both of them) read it as jadala-na, which—as Ibn Jinni said—is a noun meaning "disputation."

When he (peace be upon him) silenced them with arguments and presented them with that which left them speechless, their stratagems became constricted and excuses exhausted them, so they said: "Then bring us what you promise us," meaning the hastened punishment. It is also permissible that what is intended is the punishment referred to in his saying: "Indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a painful day," based on the view that "the day" does not refer to the Day of Resurrection. The word ma (what) is relative, with the pronoun omitted, meaning "with that which you promise us." In Al-Bahr, it is read as ta’iduna-hu (you promise it to us). It is also permissible that it is an infinitive particle (masdariyyah), though that involves a degree of affectation.

"If you are of the truthful," in your judgment regarding the arrival of the punishment if we do not believe in you.