Tafsir of Al-Nas 114:3

Surah Al-Nas 114:3

ﱸ ﱹ

The God of mankind,

Tafsir

Ruh al-Ma'ani

Verse range: 114:3

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The God of mankind

This is to clarify that His sovereignty, the Exalted, is not merely through subjugating them, managing the affairs of their governance, and taking charge of arranging the principles of their preservation and protection—as is the utmost extent of the affairs of worldly kings. Rather, it is by way of worship founded upon divinity, which necessitates absolute power to act upon them totally: in giving life and causing death, and in bringing into existence and annihilation.

The interpretation of it as an appositive (badal) is also permissible, and you know that there is no intellectual prohibition against this. Furthermore, although what is here is not a rigid noun (jamid), it is in the same category as one; perhaps its eloquence prompted its selection.

The attribution is specified to "mankind," despite the entire universe being included in the order of His Lordship, His sovereignty, and His divinity—as stated in al-Irshad—is to guide toward the path of seeking true refuge through being granted protection. For when the one seeking refuge uses his Lord as a means of approach, and affiliates himself with Him through being a subject, a possession, and a worshipper—within a genus of which he is an individual member—it is one of the inducements for increased mercy and compassion. His command, the Exalted, to do so is inevitably among the signs of the noble promise of granting protection.

Furthermore, since that from which refuge is sought is the evil of Satan, who is known for his enmity toward them, the explicit mention of them being included in the order of His worship and sovereignty contains an allusion to their deliverance from Satan’s dominion and his mastery over them, just as the Exalted states: "Indeed, My servants—no authority will you have over them."

Some prominent scholars have restricted the explanation of this specification to the fact that the seeking of refuge here is from the evil that specifically pertains to human souls, which is "whispering" (waswasah), as the Exalted says...