Tafsir of Al-Hajj 22:53

{To make what Satan casts}—that is, what he throws into the hearts or recitation—{a trial}—that is, a punishment; and in al-Bahr, it is interpreted as a test and a means of selection—{for those in whose hearts is a disease}—that is, doubt and hypocrisy. This is appropriate to the words of the Exalted regarding the hypocrites: "In their hearts is a disease." Specifying the disease to the heart supports this, as their disbelief is not manifest, unlike the defiant disbeliever—{and those whose hearts are hardened}—that is, the defiant disbelievers. It is said that the former refers to disbelievers in general, and the latter to their elites, such as Abu Jahl, al-Nadr, and Utbah. To interpret the former as disbelievers in an absolute sense and the latter as hypocrites—because they are more entitled to the description of hardness since the rust of their hearts is not polished away by the interaction with believers—is not sound.

{And indeed, the wrongdoers}—that is, both aforementioned groups. The noun is placed in the position of their pronoun to record upon them the charge of wrongdoing, along with the descriptions of disease and hardness they have been given—{are in far dissension}—that is, intense enmity and total opposition. Describing the dissension as "far," even though the one truly described by it is the subject, is for the sake of hyperbole. The sentence is a parenthetical confirmation reinforcing the content of what precedes it.

The lam in {to make} is for the purpose of causation. According to al-Hufi, it is connected to "He confirms/establishes"; according to Ibn Atiyyah, it is connected to "He abrogates"; and according to others, it is connected to "casts." However, the causation relates to what is implied by Satan’s casting, specifically regarding the extent to which the Exalted permitted it in the case of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, because of the coordination of the words of the Exalted: