Tafsir of An-Naml 27:78

"Indeed, your Lord will judge between them" — that is, between the Children of Israel who differed, or between the believers and the people — "by His judgment." It has been said: this means by His wisdom, may His majesty be glorified. This is supported by the recitation of Janah ibn Hubaysh, bi-hikamihi (with the plural of wisdom, added to His pronoun, may He be exalted). It has also been said that the intended meaning of al-hukm is that which is judged, as an application of the verbal noun (masdar) to the passive participle (ism al-maf'ul); the intended meaning of what is judged is the truth and justice. According to both interpretations, it does not remain in its verbal noun sense, because yaqdi (judges) carries the same meaning as yahkumu (decides). If the term al-hukm were to remain in its verbal noun sense, the speech would become like saying, "Zayd strikes with his striking," and such is not said in Arabic discourse. It was countered that it is valid to say this, with the meaning: "he strikes with his striking which is known for severity, for instance." Thus, the meaning here is: He judges with His judgment known for being associated with the truth, or He judges by His own judgment, may He be glorified, not by the judgment of another, as humans do.

It was objected to this: the prevention of the validity of such a statement is not due to the attribution of the verbal noun to the pronoun of the subject, for there is no dispute regarding its validity, just as its attribution to the pronoun of the object in "and exerts for it its effort" is valid. Rather, the prevention is the entry of the letter ba upon the emphatic verbal noun (masdar mu'akkad). Furthermore, the first meaning suggests that He, may He be glorified, has a judgment not known for being associated with the truth, and the second is only apparent if the phrase "by His judgment" were placed at the beginning. It is also argued that, according to what was mentioned, it is not an emphatic verbal noun, and the non-permissibility in the specific verbal noun (masdar naw'i), especially if it is not derived from the same root, is not accepted. Moreover, the apparent meaning is that the hindrance, according to the one who interprets, is the necessity of redundancy if it is not interpreted as mentioned. It is better to keep it in the sense of the verbal noun and consider the attribution to be for the sake of reference (al-'ahd), and that the meaning is—as the objector said—"He judges with His judgment known for being associated with the truth," and the concern of it being suggestive is thin. Regardless, the genitive pronoun refers to the Lord, may He be glorified. Its reference to the Quran, despite the abundance of discourse regarding it, is—for anyone with the slightest discernment of stylistic methods—clearly problematic.

"And He is the All-Mighty"—so His judgment and decree, may His majesty be glorified, cannot be overturned—"the All-Knowing," of all things, among which is that which He judges.