Surah Ar-Rum 30:5
ﲸ ﲹ ﲺ ﲻ ﲼ ﲽ ﲾ ﲿ ﳀ ﳁ
In the victory of Allah. He gives victory to whom He wills, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.
Tafsir of Ar-Rum 30:5
Tafsir
Ruh al-Ma'ani
Verse range: 30:5
[By the victory of Allah] He grants victory, by the support of Allah and His granting supremacy to those who possess a scripture over those who do not possess a scripture, to the rage of those who gloated over them from the disbelievers of Mecca. This is something that is taken as a good omen for the victory of the believers over the disbelievers.
It is said: The victory of Allah Almighty is the proving of the believers' truthfulness in what they informed the polytheists regarding the victory of the Romans over the Persians.
It is also said: His victory, the Almighty, is that He empowered some of the wrongdoers over others and divided their word until they contradicted and fought each other, and each diminished the power of the other.
It is narrated from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri that this coincided with the day of Badr, and in that—from the victory of Allah Almighty, the All-Mighty, for the believers and their joy at that—is what is not hidden.
The first [interpretation] is more suitable for the words of the Almighty: (He gives victory to whom He wills), meaning: whomever He wills to grant victory to from among His servants over his enemy, and grants him supremacy over him. For it is a new beginning (isti'naf) confirming the content of the words of the Almighty: (To Allah belongs the command before and after).
It is apparent that (the day) is linked to [they will rejoice], and likewise (by the victory). It is also permitted that (the day) is linked to it [the verb]. It is also permitted that (by the victory) is linked to [the believers].
It is said: (On that day) is a conjunction to [before] or [after], as if He confined the three times: the past, the future, and the present, then began the report of the joy of the believers.
(And He is the All-Mighty), the One who is excessive in might and overcoming, so no one whom He wills to grant victory over can render Him powerless, whoever he may be. (The All-Merciful), the One who is excessive in mercy, so He grants victory to whomsoever He wills to grant victory, whichever party it may be. The intended meaning of mercy here is the worldly [mercy]. As for the well-known reading, it is clear because neither of the two parties deserves the otherworldly mercy. As for the latter reading, although the Muslims are deserving of it, what is intended here is their victory, which is one of the effects of worldly mercy. The attribute (the All-Mighty) is placed first because it takes precedence in consideration.