Tafsir of Fatir 35:30

{ To pay them in full their rewards }: This is linked—according to some—to what the implication of the phrase “by the grace of your Lord” in His saying: “You are not, by the grace of your Lord, a madman” points to, rather than the particle itself, as the prepositional phrase does not link to it according to the well-known view. That is, stagnation is negated from their actions, and they are accepted by Allah the Exalted, so that He may pay them the rewards for their deeds in full.

{ And increase them from His bounty }: Beyond that, from the treasuries of His mercy, whatever He wills. It is narrated from Abu Wa’il that His increase for them is through granting them the right to intercede for those to whom they were kind. Ad-Dahhak said: It is through the expansion of their hearts. In the Hadith, it is through the multiplication of their good deeds. It is also said: It is by looking at His Noble Face.

The apparent meaning is that { from His bounty } refers to what is with Him; in this is an indication that the payment of their rewards is akin to an obligation, because it is a recompense for them based on His promise—Exalted is He. It is also possible that it refers to both, or that it is linked to an implicit term indicated by what preceded it—namely, the acts they performed which were pleasing. That is, they did those things in order that He may pay them their rewards, etc. Some have permitted its linkage to what precedes it based on tanazu’ (contention/multiple governance). The work of Abu al-Baqa’ suggests a preference for its linkage to “they hope,” and he considered the lam (the 'l' in li-yuwafiyahum) to be the lam of consequence (al-sayrurah). It is countered that there is no impediment to making it the lam of causality (al-'illah), as is common and widespread, and there is no evident reason to deviate from it.

At-Tibi explained this by stating that their purpose in what they did was nothing other than a trade that does not stagnate, because the relative clause here is a cause and an indication of the realization of the news. When this led to Allah the Exalted paying them their rewards in full, He brought the lam. Some dignitaries, such as al-Zamakhshari, did not adopt this view because this lam is usually found only where the second element (the consequence) follows from the first, without being intended, such as in His saying: “So the family of Pharaoh picked him up, that he might become for them an enemy and a cause of grief.”

{ Indeed, He is Forgiving, Appreciative }: This is a justification for what preceded it regarding the full payment and the increase, according to many. That is, He is Forgiving of the slips of the obedient and Appreciative of their acts of obedience, meaning He recompenses them for them with the most complete recompense, so He pays these people their rewards in full and increases them from His bounty. It is also possible that it is a predicate after a predicate, with the referring pronoun omitted—that is: “For them is...” It is also possible that it is the predicate itself, with the assumption of the referring pronoun.

The clause { they hope } is a state (hal) from the pronoun in { spend }, based on the principle that a restriction following multiple matters applies to the last one, as is the position of Abu Hanifa—may Allah the Exalted be pleased with him—or on the basis that hoping for a profitable trade is more consistent with spending. Or, it is from an implicit term, i.e., they did all of that hoping. At-Tibi considered this to be the most likely. According to this view, the sentence is parenthetical, so the objection that there is a separation between the subject and its predicate by an extraneous element does not apply. It is also possible that it is a state from the pronoun in { those } by way of contention (tanazu’), though tanazu’ in the state (hal) is not common; however, I see no harm in it. Some contemporaries favored making the aforementioned sentence a state from the pronoun in { spend } due to its proximity and the strong compatibility between spending and hoping for a trade that has marketability. It is not unlikely that its equivalent was omitted in what preceded it due to its indication of it, and that { to pay them } was made a point of contention for the three coordinated verbs, or that the sentence was made a state from an implicit term as you have heard just now, with { to pay them } linked to { they hope }, and the sentence { Indeed, He is Forgiving, Appreciative } being the predicate of the subject with the connector omitted. In the sentence { they hope } and what follows, there is a possibility of metaphorical borrowing (isti'arah tamthiliyyah), though it is distant, and I have not seen anyone point it out. So, reflect upon this.