Tafsir of Ash-Shura 42:44

"And whoever Allah sends astray, for him there is no protector besides Him."

That is, he has no helper who would take charge of his affairs after Allah Almighty has abandoned him. The pronoun in "after Him" (ba'dihi) refers to Allah Almighty, implying an omitted possessor (mudaf). It is also said that it refers to the abandonment (khidhlan) understood from "sends astray" (yudlil).

The clause is a conjunction to His saying: "For them is a painful punishment." The use of "whoever" (man) for the oppressive transgressor serves as a confirmation that he is astray and abandoned, or it is used vaguely to include him primarily. Thus, His saying, "But whoever is patient..." is an interjection in light of what we have pointed out.

"And you will see the wrongdoers when they see the punishment,"

That is, at the time they see it. The use of the past tense form is to indicate certainty.

"[they will] say, 'Is there any way to return?'"

That is, a return to the world, "so that we may believe and do righteousness."

It is suggested that the meaning could be: "Is there any way to repel the punishment that has prevented us [from relief]?" The use of the indefinite form for "a return" (marrad), and similarly for "a way" (sabil), is for intensification. The clause is a circumstantial qualifier (hal), and it is also said to be the second object for the verb "you see" (tara).