Tafsir of Al-Jathiyah 45:33

(And there became apparent to them the evils of what they had done): That is, the ugliness of their deeds became manifest to them at that moment. Or, it refers to the punishments for them, for the punishment grieves its recipient and appears ugly to him. Alternatively, it refers to their evil deeds—meaning their deeds that were evil—on the basis that the genitive construction (idafa) is one of an adjective to the noun it describes. The discourse implies a hidden noun; that is, the reward (recompense) for those deeds became apparent to them. Or, it may be that "the evils" is intended to mean the punishments for them, following the principle of naming the cause to refer to the effect.

It has been said that the meaning is: the evil aspects of their deeds—those which are not good according to reason—became apparent to them; that is, the aspects of their rational ugliness which were hidden from them in the world due to the adornment of Satan. This is a position affirming rational goodness and ugliness in actions. The word ma (what) is a relative pronoun (mawṣūla), though it is permissible for it to be a particle (maṣdariyya), so do not be heedless.

(And they were encompassed): That is, there befell them, (by that which they used to mock) of reward and punishment.