Tafsir of Al-Ahqaf 46:32

"And whoever does not respond to the Caller of Allah, he cannot escape in the earth."

This is an obligation to respond by way of intimidation, following its obligation by way of encouragement. It confirms that they are being warned, and it makes explicit the "Caller of Allah" without being content with one of the two pronouns—by saying, for example, "who does not respond to Him" or "who does not respond to His caller"—in order to emphasize the obligation through increased clarification and the cultivation of awe and dread.

The restriction of [the inability to] escape to being "in the earth" is to expand the scope. That is: he is not one who can frustrate Him (the Exalted) by fleeing, even if he were to flee to any place of escape from all regions or enter into its depths.

And His saying, the Exalted: "And he will have no protectors besides Him" is an explanation of the impossibility of his salvation through another, following the explanation of the impossibility of his salvation by himself. The plural "protectors" (awliya) is used in consideration of the meaning of "whoever" (man), thus it is a case of matching a plural with a plural for the distribution of individuals upon individuals. This is supported by what was narrated from Ibn Amir, that he recited: "And they will have no protectors" (wa lahum) with the plural pronoun, for it is in consideration of its meaning. Likewise is the plural in His saying, the Glorified: "Those—" in consideration of that same meaning.

That is, those described with not responding to the Caller of Allah "are in clear error."

That is: its status as an error is manifest, such that it is not hidden from anyone, given that they turned away from responding to one whose station is such.