Tafsir of Muhammad 47:29

(Or do those in whose hearts is a disease) — they are the hypocrites described by that heinous description— (think that Allah will not bring forth their grudges)

"Am" (Or) is a disjunctive particle. "An" (that) is a weakened form of anna (that), its noun is the pronoun of state (dhamir al-sha'n), and the sentence that follows it is its predicate.

Al-Adghan (grudges) is the plural of dighn, which is hatred. Al-Raghib qualified it as intense hatred. One says daghina (he harbored hatred), and the people tadhaghanu (harbored mutual hatred) or idtaghanu (concealed hatreds). It is said: "I idtaghantu the child," meaning you took him under your arm. Al-Ahmar recited: As if he were clutching a child.

A dhaghin horse is one that does not give the speed it possesses except when struck. The root of the word comes from al-daghn, meaning the curvature or crookedness in the legs of an animal, a spear, or anything else. Bishr said: "I almost saw the curvature walking upon the flat ground." Al-Layth recited: "My spear is of hardened wood, and the refining/straightening only increased its curvature." Hatred in the heart is likened to this. Al-Layth and Qutrub stated that al-daghn is enmity. A poet said: Tell Ibn Hind, what did you intend by speech That offended the friend and built up the grudges?

This does not contradict the first definition, because hatred is enmity for a matter that one conceals in his heart, and "bringing forth" (ikhraj) relates specifically to physical bodies. The intended meaning here is "manifesting"—that is, "Do those in whose hearts is hatred and enmity toward the believers think that Allah, Exalted is He, will not manifest their grudges and make them apparent to the Messenger (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and the believers, such that they remain hidden?" The meaning is that such a thought is something that hardly falls under the realm of possibility.