Tafsir of Ad-Dhariyat 51:22

"And in the heaven is your provision..."

That is, its decree and determination, or the causes of your provision originating from the two luminaries (the sun and the moon), the planets, and the risings and settings by which the seasons—which are the sources of sustenance—differ, and other such things. Thus, the statement implies an omitted genitive noun (a construct state), or it employs figurative language by attributing the existence of the causes to the heavens as one would attribute the effect to its cause.

Many have held the view that "the heaven" here refers to the clouds, as they are linguistically termed "heaven" (sama'), and the "provision" intended is the rain, for it is the cause of all nourishment. It has been narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) interpreted it as such. Ibn Muhaisin read it as arzaqukum (in the plural form: your provisions).

"...and what you are promised."

This is conjoined to "your provision." That is, what you are promised of good and evil, as has been narrated from Mujahid. In another narration from him and from al-Dahhak, it is said that what is promised is Paradise and Hell. This is apparent in implying that Hell is in the heaven, regarding which there is disagreement.

Some have said: It refers to Paradise, and it is situated upon the heaven, beneath the Throne. It has also been said: It refers to the matter of the Hour. Others said: It refers to reward and punishment, for both are decreed and determined within it. It is also said: It is an independent sentence (a new beginning), its predicate being...