Tafsir of Ad-Dhariyat 51:41

(The violent wind which does not fertilize anything), as reported by a group from Ibn Abbas, and Al-Hakim authenticated it. In another narration: It is a wind in which there is no blessing, no benefit, from which no rain descends, and by which no tree is fertilized. It is as if the lack of inherent benefit is likened to the barrenness of a woman; thus, it is a fa‘eel form in the sense of a fa‘il (active agent) derived from the intransitive. To suggest that this meaning is not valid here is stubbornness.

Some have said—and it is a sound view—that it was named "barren" because it destroyed them and cut off their descendants, implying a derivative metaphor (isti‘ara tab’iyya): their destruction and the severing of their lineage were likened to the barrenness of women and their inability to conceive, due to the resultant ending of progeny. Then, the object of comparison was applied to the subject, and from it, "barren" (al-‘aqim) was derived; fa‘eel may be in the sense of an active agent or a passive one.

This wind was the Dabur (westerly wind), based on the authentic saying of the Prophet (may Allah exalt him and grant him peace): "I was granted victory by the Saba (easterly wind), and ‘Aad was destroyed by the Dabur." Al-Firyabi and Ibn al-Mundhir reported from Ali (may Allah honor his face) that it was the Nakba’ (a wind between the northerly and westerly). Ibn Jarir and a group reported from Ibn al-Musayyib that it was the Janub (southerly wind), and Ibn al-Mundhir reported from Mujahid that it was the Saba. The reliable view is what we mentioned first, and perhaps the report regarding the Commander (may Allah honor his face) is not authentic.