Tafsir of At-Tur 52:18

(Enjoying): Delighting in what their Lord has granted them of benevolence. It has been read as fakiheen (without an alif). In both readings, it is in the accusative case, serving as a state (hal) derived from the hidden pronoun within the prepositional phrase that functions as the predicate of inna (i.e., "they are in gardens"). Khalid read it as fakihoon in the nominative case, considering it a predicate. "In gardens" is related to it, but it was placed before it for emphasis. Those who permit multiple predicates allow it to be a predicate after a predicate.

(And their Lord protected them from the punishment of the Blaze): This is a conjunction coordinated with "in gardens," based on the assumption that the latter is a predicate; as if it were said: "They are established in gardens and their Lord protected them." Alternatively, it is coordinated with "has given them" (atahum), if "what" (ma) is considered a verbal noun (masdariyyah); meaning: they are enjoying the fact that their Lord gave to them and protected them from the punishment of the Blaze. Many have disallowed coordinating it with the former if "what" is treated as a relative pronoun (mawsulah), because the implied meaning would be "enjoying that which their Lord protected them from," and there would be no pronoun referring back to the relative pronoun. Some, however, permitted it by assuming the omission of the referent—meaning: He protected them by it—with the 'bā' indicating association. In al-Kashf, it is not interpreted as an omission of the referent due to the frequency of such omissions and because it is not explicitly mentioned. The verb is treated as one that takes three objects, a usage heard from some linguists. It is clear that this is also a sound interpretation, and the meaning is stronger, for "enjoyment" (fakahah) is a pleasure with which its possessor is occupied, and pleasure in being given something may be renewed by the multiplicity of what is given. Regarding the protection, if the 'masdariyyah' interpretation is taken, it is not so; yet I say: perhaps that is what comes to mind most readily.

It has also been permitted that it is a state (hal)—with or without the implied particle qad—derived from the hidden pronoun in the predicate or in the state itself, or from the subject of "gave" (ata), or from its object, or from both. The explicit mention of "Lord" instead of a pronoun, while annexed to their pronoun, serves for honor and providing a reason. Abu Haywah read waqqaahum (with a doubled qaf).