Tafsir of Al-Hashr 59:12

{ If they are expelled, they will not leave with them } — this is a refutation of them in each of their statements specifically, following the refutation of them in the aggregate. { And if they are fought, they will not aid them. } And the matter was indeed as such. Informing about their conduct regarding the promise is said to be among the informing of the unseen, which is one of the proofs of prophethood and one of the aspects of the miracle. This is based on the assumption that the Surah was revealed before the incident of Banu al-Nadir, though the discourse of the scholars of Hadith and Siyar (biography) indicates the contrary.

Some prominent scholars have said: Indeed, His saying, the Exalted, { They say, "If you are expelled..." } and so on, is a matter of informing about the unseen, based on what is narrated: that Abdullah ibn Ubayy sent a secret message to them not to leave, and Allah, the Exalted, informed His Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, of what he had secretly sent. { And if they had aided them } — by way of hypothesis and supposition — { they would surely turn their backs } — that is, the hypocrites — { in flight, then they would not be aided. }

{ Thereafter } — meaning, Allah, the Exalted, would destroy them, and their hypocrisy would not benefit them due to their manifest disbelief; or { they would surely turn their backs } — meaning the Jews, for whom the aid of the hypocrites was hypothesized — { and they would surely be defeated, then the aid of the hypocrites would not benefit them. }

It is said: The nominative pronoun in { they aided them } refers to the Jews, and the accusative pronoun refers to the hypocrites; meaning, "And if the Jews aided the hypocrites, the Jews would turn their backs." This is invalid, and it seems its proponent was driven to it to repel what might be imagined as a contradiction between { they will not aid them } and { and if they had aided them } according to the previous interpretation. We have already indicated that there is no need for this interpretation, the state of which is not hidden.