Tafsir of At-Taghabun 64:6

(That) refers to the torment they tasted in this world and what they will taste in the Hereafter. (Is because)—that is, the situation was such that (their messengers used to come to them with clear proofs), meaning manifest miracles. (So they said)—this is a conjunction linked to (used to come)— (Shall human beings guide us?)—meaning that every nation from among those who disbelieved concerning their messenger who came to them with miracles said this, denying that a messenger could be of the human species, or collectively rejecting the notion that a human could guide them, just as Thamud said: "Shall we follow a single human from among us?" The narrative is summarized here by attributing the statement to all nations, with "human" (bashar) referring to the species, thus described in the plural, just as the address and the command were summarized in His saying, the Almighty: "O messengers, eat from the good things and do righteous work."

The nominative case of "human" (bashar) is based on it being the subject (mubtada'), with the sentence "guide us" being the predicate, according to al-Hufi and Ibn Atiyyah. However, the better view is that it is in the nominative case as the active agent (fa'il) of a deleted verb that the mentioned verb explains, because the interrogative hamza is more inclined toward the verb; the construct is thus a case of ishtighal (preoccupation).

(So they disbelieved) in the messengers, peace be upon them, (and turned away) from reflecting upon the clear proofs they brought and from believing in them. (And Allah remained independent/free of need)—meaning He, the Glorified, manifested His independence from their belief and obedience by destroying them and cutting off their roots; were it not for His independence, the Almighty, from them both, He would not have done so. This sentence is a conjunction to what preceded it. It is also said that it is in the position of a circumstantial state (hal), implying the meaning: "They disbelieved and turned away," while Allah, the Exalted, is independent of everything. The first view is the correct one.

(And Allah is Free of Need) of the worlds, let alone their belief and obedience, (Praiseworthy)— (He is praised by every creature) with the tongue of state, which is more eloquent than the tongue of speech, or He, the Exalted is His majesty, is deserving of praise by His very essence, even if no praiser were to praise Him, glory be to Him.