Surah Al-Qalam 68:39
ﳌ ﳍ ﳎ ﳏ ﳐ ﳑ ﳒ ﳓ ﳔ ﳕ ﳖ ﳗ
Or do you have oaths [binding] upon Us, extending until the Day of Resurrection, that indeed for you is whatever you judge?
Tafsir of Al-Qalam 68:39
Tafsir
Ruh al-Ma'ani
Verse range: 68:39
Or do you have oaths upon Us
Meaning: Oaths. It has been interpreted as covenants, and the application of the term "oaths" (ayman) to them is a case of applying the part to the whole, or the necessary consequence to that which necessitates it.
Reachable (Balighah)
Meaning: To the furthest extent possible; the intent is that they are extreme in confirmation. Al-Hasan and Zayd ibn Ali read it as balighatan in the accusative case, acting as a circumstantial qualifier (hal) for the hidden pronoun in "upon Us" or "for you." Ibn Atiyyah said it refers to "oaths" (ayman), specifying them with the description, though there is remoteness in this.
Until the Day of Resurrection
This is connected to the implied [verb] in "for you," meaning: [These oaths are] established for you until the Day of Resurrection; We shall not be released from the responsibility of them until that day, when We judge between you and grant you what you adjudge. Alternatively, it is connected to "reachable," meaning: oaths that reach that day and terminate at it, intact, with no part of the oath having been invalidated. In the first interpretation, "until" (ila) marks the limit of the establishment implied in the prepositional phrase, similar to the maturity date of a debt. In the second, it marks the limit of the reaching, thus serving as a qualification for the oath, meaning: an oath confirmed and not dissolved until that day. It is in no way a deferment of that which is sworn upon, as "reachable" has no entry into that which is sworn upon—so contemplate this.
And His saying, Exalted is He, "that for you is surely what you adjudge"
This is the response to the oath, because the meaning of "Or do you have oaths upon Us" is "Or have We sworn to you?" This holds true under the interpretation of "oaths" as covenants, for a covenant is like an oath with no difference between them, so it is responded to in the same manner that an oath is responded to. Al-A‘raj read it as a-inna lakum (with an interrogative).