Tafsir of Al-A'raf 7:19

(And O Adam, dwell) meaning: "And We said," as occurred in Surat al-Baqarah. This entire narrative is conjoined to its counterpart, which is His saying, Exalted is He: (We said to the angels, "Prostrate"), according to what more than one researcher has maintained. They did not conjoin it to what follows "He said"—that is, "He said, 'O Iblis, get out,' and 'O Adam, dwell'"—because that is in the context of initiation and recompense for what the accursed one swore upon. This [verse] is a continuation of the bestowal of favor upon the Children of Adam and the honoring of their father. Nor is it conjoined to what follows "So We said," because that would lead to "We said to the angels, 'O Adam...'"

Some have claimed that the order requires conjunction to what follows "He said," and they explained it with a plausible argument, yet it contradicts the apparent meaning. Commencing the speech with the vocative is to alert to the importance of the commanded action. Specifying the address to Adam (peace be upon him) is to signal his primacy in receiving and undertaking the command. As-skunu (dwell) is from sukna, meaning residing, staying, and settling, not the sukūn that is the opposite of motion. Discussion regarding this and His saying, Exalted is He, (you and your spouse, Paradise), has already preceded.

The address is directed to both of them in His saying, Exalted is He, (and eat from wherever you both will), to generalize the honor and to signal their equality in fulfilling the command; for Eve is a partner to him (peace be upon him) regarding the eating, unlike the dwelling, in which she is a dependent. [This is also] to link the subsequent prohibition to both of them explicitly. The meaning is: "Eat from it wherever you both will," as in al-Baqarah. Raghadan (freely/plentifully) is not mentioned here, relying upon what was mentioned there.

His saying, Exalted is He, (and do not approach this tree), is an exaggeration in forbidding the eating of it. It has been recited as hadhi, which is the origin, except that the ya was deleted and replaced by a ha; it is a ha of substitution, not a ha of silence (sakt). Ibn Jinni said: "What indicates that the origin is the ya is their saying for the masculine: dha, where the alif is a substitute for the ya, since the origin is dhi with a shaddah, proven by its diminutive form dhayya. For the triliteral is diminished, not the biliteral, such as man (who). Thus, one of the two yas was deleted for lightness, and the other was converted into an alif out of aversion to its ending resembling the ending of kay."

(So that you become), meaning: So that you end up (among the wrongdoers), that is, those who have wronged themselves. (Takuna) can be read in the jussive mood, as a conjunction to (taqraba), or in the accusative mood, as a response to the prohibition.