الذين يجادلون في آيات الله بغير سلطان أتاهم
Those who dispute about the Ayat of Allah, without any authority that has come to them,
means, those who attempt to refute truth with falsehood and who dispute the proof without evidence or proof from Allah, Allah will hate them with the utmost loathing.
Allah says:
كبر مقتا عند الله وعند الذين آمنوا
it is greatly hateful and disgusting to Allah and to those who believe.
meaning, the believers too will despise those who are like this, and whoever is like this, Allah will put a seal on his heart so that after that he will not acknowledge anything good or denounce anything evil.
Allah says:
كذلك يطبع الله على كل قلب متكبر
Thus does Allah seal up the heart of every arrogant.
meaning, so that they cannot follow the truth.
جبار
tyrant