After narrating the stories of the people of Prophets Nuh, Hud, Salih, Lut and Shu`ayb, destroying the disbelievers, saving the believers, warning these nations by explaining the truth to them with the evidence sent in the words of His Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on them all, Allah said;
تلك القرى نقص عليك
Those were the towns that We relate to you (O Muhammad),
من أنبايها
their story, (and news),
ولقد جاءتهم رسلهم بالبينات
And there came indeed to them their Messengers with clear proofs,
and evidences of the truth of what they brought them.
Allah said in other Ayah,
وما كنا معذبين حتى نبعث رسوﻻ
And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger (to give warning). (17:15)
and,
ذلك من أنباء القرى نقصه عليك منها قايم وحصيد وما ظلمنهم ولكن ظلموا أنفسهم
That is some of the news of the towns which We relate unto you; of them, some are standing, and some have been reaped. We wronged them not, but they wronged themselves. (11:100-101)
Allah said
فما كانوا ليومنوا بما كذبوا من قبل
but they were not such who would believe in what they had rejected before.
According to the Tafsir of Ibn Atiyyah,
meaning they would not have later on believed in what the Messengers brought them, because they denied the truth when it first came to them (although they recognized it),
This explanation is sound, and is supported by Allah's statement,
وما يشعركم أنها إذا جاءت ﻻ يومنون
ونقلب أفيدتهم وأبصرهم كما لم يومنوا به أول مرة
And what will make you perceive that if it came, they will not believe. And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused to believe therein for the first time. (6:109-110)
This is why Allah said here,
كذلك يطبع الله على قلوب الكافرين