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Tafsir of Yunus 10:102-103

Surah Yunus 10:102

ﲈ ﲉ ﲊ ﲋ ﲌ ﲍ ﲎ ﲏ ﲐ ﲑ ﲒ ﲓ ﲔ ﲕ ﲖ ﲗ

So do they wait except for like [what occurred in] the days of those who passed on before them? Say, "Then wait; indeed, I am with you among those who wait."

Tafsir

Mafatih al-Ghayb

Verse range: 10:102-103

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| Jonah: (102 - 103) Then do they await...

And know that the meaning is: Do they await anything except days like the days of the nations that passed? What is intended is that the previous Prophets (peace be upon them) used to warn the disbelievers of their time about the coming of days containing various types of torment. They used to deny this and hasten it mockingly. Similarly, the disbelievers during the time of the Messenger (peace be upon him) acted in the same way. Then, the Almighty commanded him to say to them: {So wait; indeed, I am with you among those who wait.}

Then the Almighty said: {Then We save Our messengers and those who believed.} In this, there are several issues:

Issue 1 Al-Kisa'i, in the narration of Nusayr, recited نُنَجِّي (nunajjī) with a light *shaddah* (non-geminated *nūn*). The rest recited it with a heavy *shaddah* (geminated *nūn*). These are two linguistic variations, and the same applies to His saying: **{We save the believers}**.

Issue 2 The particle *thumma* (ثُمَّ) is a conjunction. The implied meaning is: It was Our custom in the past that We would swiftly destroy them, then save Our messengers.

Issue 3 Since the Messenger was commanded in the first verse to concur with the disbelievers in awaiting the punishment, the details were then mentioned: The punishment descends only upon the disbelievers, whereas the Messenger and his followers are the people of salvation.

Then He said: {Thus is it incumbent upon Us: We save the believers.} In this, there are two issues:

Issue 1 The author of *Al-Kashshāf* said: Meaning, just as that salvation occurred, We save the believers and destroy the polytheists. And **{incumbent upon Us}** (حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا) is an interjection, meaning: That is truly incumbent upon Us.

Issue 2 Al-Qadi said: His saying **{incumbent upon Us}** (حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا) refers to obligation (*wujūb*). This is because delivering the Messenger and the believers from torment to reward is obligatory. If it were not so, it would not be appropriate for Allah Almighty to impose difficult actions upon them. If its obligation is established for this reason, it becomes like the repayment of a debt due to the preceding cause.

The response: We say that it is incumbent due to the Promise and the Decree, and we do not say it is incumbent due to desert (istiḥqāq), because it is established that the servant does not deserve anything from his Creator.

{Say, "O people, if you are in doubt about my religion, then I do not worship those whom you worship besides Allah, but I worship Allah, Who causes you to die. And I have been commanded to be among the believers. And [it has been commanded to me]: 'Direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth, and never be of the polytheists. And do not invoke besides Allah that which neither benefits you nor harms you. For if you did, then indeed, you would be of the wrongdoers.'"}