Tafsir of Ta-Ha 20:83-84

Surah Ta-Ha 20:83

ﲏ ﲐ ﲑ ﲒ ﲓ ﲔ

[Allah] said, "And what made you hasten from your people, O Moses?"

Tafsir

Mafatih al-Ghayb

Verse range: 20:83-84

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Taha: (83 - 84) And what hastened you away from your people, O Moses?

Know that in His saying: {And what hastened you away from your people, O Moses?} there is an indication that he had preceded his people in the journey to the appointed place. This must refer to what was mentioned in His saying, the Exalted: {And We appointed for you the side of Mount Tur on the right} (Taha: 80) in this Surah, and in other Surahs, such as: {And We appointed for Moses thirty nights} (Al-A'raf: 142), meaning the appointed time at Tur.

Regarding this verse, there are several questions:

Question 1: His saying: **{And what hastened you}** is an interrogation, which is impossible for God. **Answer:** It is a form of reprimand expressed as a question, and there is no impossibility in using this form.

Question 2: Moses, peace be upon him, was either forbidden from this precedence or not. If he was forbidden, then this precedence was a sin, which implies that prophets commit sins. If he was not forbidden, then this reprimand from God, the Exalted, was not justified. **Answer:** Perhaps, peace be upon him, he did not find an explicit text regarding this matter, but he proceeded based on his own *ijtihad* (independent reasoning) and erred in that reasoning, thus deserving the admonishment.

Question 3: He said: **{and I hastened}**, and haste is generally blameworthy. **Answer:** Haste is praiseworthy in religion. God, the Exalted, says: **{And hasten to forgiveness from your Lord and a Garden}** (Al 'Imran: 133).

Question 4: His saying: **{that you may be pleased}** indicates that he did this to attain God's pleasure, which is false for two reasons. First, it implies a renewal of God's attribute. Second, before this pleasure was attained, it must be said that God was not pleased with Moses, as attaining the already existent is impossible. Since He was not pleased, it implies He was displeased with him, which is unsuitable for the status of the prophets, peace be upon them. **Answer:** The meaning intended is the attainment of the *perpetuity* of pleasure, just as His saying **{then he was guided}** means the perpetuity of guidance.

Question 5: His saying: **{and I hastened to You}** indicates that he went to the appointed time before the time God had set for him, otherwise it would not be called hastening. Furthermore, he thought that disobeying God's command was a means to attain His pleasure, which is unfitting for the most ignorant of people, let alone the intimate confidant of God. **Answer:** This is explained by what we mentioned: that it was through *ijtihad* in which he erred.

Question 6: His saying: **{to You}** implies that God is in a location, as "to" indicates the limit of a destination. **Answer:** We agree that God was not in the mountain. The meaning is "to the place You promised me."

Question 7: **{What hastened you}** asks about the reason for the haste. The appropriate answer would have been: "I sought an increase in Your pleasure and longed for Your speech." However, His saying **{They are here upon my track}** does not align with this, as you can see. **Answer:** There are two ways to respond: 1. God's question encompasses two things: first, a denial of the haste itself, and second, an inquiry into the reason for preceding them. The most important matter for Moses, peace be upon him, was answering the second part. He said: "Nothing occurred from me except a slight precedence that is usually not considered significant, and there is only a small gap between me and those I preceded, the kind of gap a delegation usually has over their people." Then he followed up with the answer to the question about haste, saying: **{and I hastened to You, my Lord, that You might be pleased}**. 2. When Moses, peace be upon him, was overwhelmed by the majesty of God's reprimand, he became bewildered and unable to give the appropriate, structured answer according to the rules of discourse.

Know that in His saying: {And what hastened you away from your people, O Moses?} there is an indication that God commanded him to attend the appointed time with specific people. They differed regarding the meaning of "the people" (قومك). Some said they were the seventy chieftains whom God chose to go out with him to Tur, and Moses preceded them out of longing for his Lord. Others said "the people" refers to the entirety of the Children of Israel, whom Moses left behind with Aaron, commanding him to remain as his vicegerent until he returned with the seventy. He said: {They are here upon my track}, meaning close to me, awaiting me.

Regarding the recitation: Abu 'Amr and Ya'qub recited أَثَرِي (with a kasra), while 'Isa ibn 'Umar recited أَثْرِي (with a damma), and from him also أُولِي (with shortening). الأَثَر (with fath) is more eloquent than الأَثَر (with sukun). As for الأَثَر (with sukun), it is heard in the edge of a sword and is a strange meaning for "track."


7 < { He said, "Indeed, We have tried your people after you, and the Samiri has led them astray." * So Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved. He said, "O my people, did not your Lord promise you a good promise? Then was the period long for you, or did you wish that wrath should descend upon you from your Lord, so you broke your appointment with me?" * They said, "We did not break our appointment with you by our own will, but we were made to carry burdens of the finery of the people, so we threw them in, and thus the Samiri cast [it]." * Then he brought forth for them a body of a calf that made a lowing sound, and they said, "This is your god and the god of Moses, so he forgot." * Do they not then see that it does not return to them a word, nor does it have power to benefit or harm them? } > 7

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Translation:

He said [referring to God]: {Indeed, We have tried your people after you, and the Samiri has led them astray.}

So Moses returned to his people, {angry and grieved.} He said, {O my people, did not your Lord promise you a good promise? Then was the period long for you, or did you wish that wrath should descend upon you from your Lord, so you broke your appointment with me?}

They said, {We did not break our appointment with you by our own will, but we were made to carry burdens of the finery of the people, so we threw them in, and thus the Samiri cast [it].}

{Then he brought forth for them a body of a calf that made a lowing sound, and they said, "This is your god and the god of Moses, so he forgot."}

{Do they not then see that it does not return to them a word, nor does it have power to benefit or harm them?}