| Al-Qamar (The Moon): (10) So he called upon his Lord, saying:

> > This arrangement is of the utmost beauty, because after they rebuked him and he himself refrained from rebuking them, he called upon his Lord, saying:

~~"Indeed, I am overcome (ghālib)," and there are several issues concerning this:

The First Issue: The reading of innī (إنى).

~~It is read with a kasra on the hamza (إِنِّي) as a form of supplication (du'a), as if he were saying: "Indeed, I am overcome." It is also read with a fatḥa (أَنِّي) meaning "by the fact that I am..." (i.e., bi-annī).

The Second Issue: What is the meaning of "overcome" (maghlūb)?

~~We offer several interpretations:

1. First: The disbelievers have overpowered me, so grant me victory over them.
2. Second: My own self has overpowered me and driven me to supplicate against them, so grant me victory over my own self. Ibn 'Atiyyah narrated this view, but it is weak.
3. Third (The preferred view): This is a composite view, better than the previous two. It means that the Prophet (peace be upon him) does not supplicate against his people as long as there remains in his heart the possibility of their guidance (iḥtimāl) and forbearance (ḥilm). His capacity for forbearance extends as long as faith is still conceivable from them. Then, when despair sets in, the possibility vanishes. This is supported by the verse to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): {Perhaps you would kill yourself with grief} (Al-Kahf: 6), and {So let not your soul go after them in sorrow} (Fatir: 8). Furthermore, Allah said to Noah (peace be upon him) concerning his people: {And do not supplicate to Me concerning those who have wronged; indeed, they are to be drowned} (Al-Mu'minun: 27). Noah then said: "O my Lord, my soul has overcome me, and You have commanded me to supplicate against them, so destroy them." Therefore, the meaning is: "Indeed, I am overcome by the decree of human nature; my patience has been exhausted, so grant me victory over them, not over myself."

The Third Issue: The meaning of "So grant victory" (fa-ntaṣir).

~~This means either "Grant victory for me" or "Grant victory for Yourself." This is because they disbelieved in Him. There are several interpretations:

1. First: "So grant victory for me" (intaṣir lī) is appropriate following the statement "I am overcome" (maghlūb).
2. Second: "So grant victory for You and for Your religion," because I have been overcome and rendered incapable of achieving victory for Your religion.
3. Third: "So grant victory to the Truth." This interpretation omits mention of himself or his Lord. This is the statement of one whose soul is strong in the conviction that the Truth is on his side. Such a person might say: "O Allah, destroy the liar among us, and grant victory to the truthful among us."

Then Allah, the Exalted, said:

! 7 < { So We opened the gates of the heaven with pouring water. } 7 !

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