Surah Al-Mujadilah 58:20
ﳘ ﳙ ﳚ ﳛ ﳜ ﳝ ﳞ ﳟ
Indeed, the ones who oppose Allah and His Messenger - those will be among the most humbled.
Tafsir of Al-Mujadilah 58:20
Tafsir
Mafatih al-Ghayb
Verse range: 58:20
Surah Al-Mujadilah (The Pleading Woman): Verse 20
Translation and Exegesis (Based on Mafatih al-Ghayb):
**{إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْأَذَلُّونَ}** (Indeed, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger—those will be the most humiliated.)
This verse describes the ultimate degradation of those who oppose God and His Messenger.
The humiliation of one opponent is proportional to the glory of the other. Since the glory of Allah is infinite, the humiliation of anyone who contends with Him is also infinite.
After explaining their abasement, Allah clarifies the glory of the believers by saying:
**{كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَأَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي}** (Allah has decreed: "I and My messengers will be victorious.")
Two Issues Regarding the Verse:
The First Issue: Regarding the reading of {أَنَا وَرُسُلِي} (I and My messengers):
- Nafi' and Ibn 'Amir read it with a fatha (vowel) on the yaa' (ي).
- The rest of the reciters leave the yaa' unvocalized (silent).
- Abu Ali stated that both vocalization (with fatha) and non-vocalization are permissible.
The Second Issue: The victory of all messengers through argument (hujjah) is a matter of distinction. However, some messengers were granted victory through the sword in addition to victory through argument, while others were not.
Then Allah states:
**{إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ}** (Indeed, Allah is Powerful, Mighty.)
- Powerful (قَوِيٌّ): Capable of supporting His prophets.
- Mighty (عَزِيزٌ): Unbeatable; none can deter Him from His will. This is because everything besides Him is possible in existence by its own nature, whereas the Necessary Existent (Allah) is inherently dominant over the merely possible.
Contextual Note (from Muqatil): The Muslims had expressed hope that Allah would grant them victory over Persia and Rome. 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy said: "Do you think Persia and Rome are like some villages you have conquered? No, by Allah! They possess far greater numbers and equipment." In response to this doubt, Allah revealed this verse.
**{لَّا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ أُولَٰئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ}** (You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day showing love to those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they were their fathers, their sons, their brothers, or their kindred. For those He has decreed faith into their hearts and supported them with a Spirit from Him. And He will admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide eternally. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. Those are the Party of Allah. Unquestionably, the Party of Allah—they are the successful.)
You will never find a people who truly believe in Allah and the Last Day showing affection/friendship (يُوَادُّونَ) to those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if those opponents are their own fathers, sons, brothers, or clan members.
The Status of These Believers:
- Faith Inscribed: For such people, Allah has inscribed faith (كَتَبَ) into their hearts.
- Divine Support: He has strengthened them with a Spirit (رُوحٍ) from Himself.
- Eternal Reward: He will admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide eternally.
- Mutual Contentment: Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him.
Conclusion: These individuals are the Party of Allah (حِزْبُ اللَّهِ). Indeed, the Party of Allah—they are the successful ones (الْمُفْلِحُونَ).