Al-Mujadilah (The Pleading Woman): (5) Indeed, those who oppose Allah...

Two Issues Herein:

There are two opinions concerning the meaning of Muḥādah:

1. Al-Mubarrid said: The root of Muḥādah is prevention/obstruction (mumāna‘ah). From this, the doorkeeper is called ḥaddād (guard/gatekeeper), and one who is deprived of provision is called maḥdūd (restricted).
2. Abū Muslim al-Iṣfahānī said: Muḥādah is a reciprocal form (mufā‘alah) derived from the word ḥadīd (iron). The intent is confronting with iron, whether this is literal or a severe dispute resembling a contest involving iron.

As for the exegetes (Mufassirūn), they said: Yuḥāddūn means they show enmity (yu‘ādūn) and act hostilely (yushāqqūn). This occurs sometimes through fighting the allies of Allah, and sometimes through denying the truth and obstructing the way to Allah's religion.

The pronoun in the phrase {Yuḥāddūn} (they oppose) could refer to the Hypocrites (Munāfiqūn), as they used to show affection to the disbelievers and support them against the Prophet (peace be upon him), and Allah humiliated them.

Alternatively, it could refer to all disbelievers. Allah informed His Messenger that they will be {Kubitū} (crushed/humiliated). Al-Mubarrid said: It is said, "Kabbata Allāhu fulānan" (Allah crushed so-and-so) when He humiliates him, and the one returned in disgrace is called makbūt.

Then He said: {Kamā kubita alladhīna min qablihim} (just as those before them were crushed), referring to the enemies of the Messengers.

{Wa qad anzalnā āyātin bayyināt} (And indeed, We have sent down clear signs) indicating the truthfulness of the Messenger.

For the disbelievers, because of these signs, {wa lil-kāfirīna ‘aḏābun muhīn} (and for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment) that removes their honor and arrogance. Thus, Allah, the Glorified, clarified that the punishment for these opposers in this world is humiliation and disgrace, and in the Hereafter, severe torment.

Then, the Exalted One mentioned what completes this warning:

! 7 < { Yawma yab‘athuhumu Allāhu jamī‘an fa-yunabbi’uhum bimā ‘amilū. Aḥṣāhu Allāhu wa nasūhu, wa Allāhu ‘alā kulli shay’in shahīd. } > 7 !

{The Day Allah will resurrect them all, then He will inform them of what they did. Allah has accounted for it, while they have forgotten it. And Allah is witness over all things.}