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Tafsir of Al-Hashr 59:14

Surah Al-Hashr 59:14

ﲖ ﲗ ﲘ ﲙ ﲚ ﲛ ﲜ ﲝ ﲞ ﲟ ﲠ ﲡ ﲢ ﲣ ﲤ ﲥ ﲦ ﲧ ﲨ ﲩ ﲪ ﲫ ﲬ ﲭ ﲮ ﲯ

They will not fight you all except within fortified cities or from behind walls. Their violence among themselves is severe. You think they are together, but their hearts are diverse. That is because they are a people who do not reason.

Tafsir

Mafatih al-Ghayb

Verse range: 59:14

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Al-Hashr (The Banishment): (14) They will not fight you all...

Then the Almighty said:

{They will not fight you all except within fortified towns or from behind walls.}

This means that these Jews and hypocrites are not capable of fighting you unitedly unless they are in towns fortified with trenches and paths, or from behind walls. This is because Allah has cast terror into their hearts, and because Allah's support and victory are with you.

It has also been recited as judur (with a lightened dāl), jiddār, judur, and judur, all of which mean "wall."

Then the Almighty said:

{Their violence is severe among themselves. You think they are united, but their hearts are divided. That is because they are a people who do not reason.}

There are three interpretations regarding this:

  1. The severe violence attributed to them only occurs when they are with each other. However, when they fight you, that violence and severity disappear because the brave become cowardly, and honor is humbled when fighting Allah and His Messenger.
  2. Mujahid said: The meaning is that when they gather, they say, "We will certainly do such and such." Thus, they threaten the believers with severe violence from behind walls and fortifications, but then they refrain from coming out to fight. Therefore, their severe violence is among themselves, not between them and the believers.
  3. Ibn Abbas said: The meaning is that some of them are enemies to others. The proof for the correctness of this interpretation is the Almighty's saying: {You think they are united, but their hearts are divided}. This means you think they are united in appearance, showing affection and love, but their hearts are scattered because each one follows a different doctrine, and there is intense enmity between them. This serves as an encouragement for the believers to fight them.

Regarding the phrase: {That is because they are a people who do not reason}:

There are two interpretations:

  1. That is because they are a people who do not reason about what benefits them.
  2. They do not reason that the scattering of hearts weakens their strength.
{They are like those who recently preceded them; they tasted the evil consequence of their affair, and they will have a painful punishment.}