Tafsir of Al-Ma'aarij 70:17

Surah Al-Ma'arij: (17) It calls those who turned their backs...

The First Issue: Scholars differed regarding how the Fire (Laẓā) calls the disbeliever. Several views were mentioned:

1. The Language of State (Lisān al-Hāl): It calls them through their current state, similar to the saying: "Ask the earth: Who dug your rivers and planted your trees?" If it does not answer you audibly, it answers you through contemplation/evidence. Here, since each disbeliever is confined to a corner of Hell, it is as if those locations are calling and summoning them.
2. Creation of Speech in the Fire: Allah Almighty creates speech within the substance of the Fire, so that it explicitly says: "Come here, O disbeliever! Come here, O hypocrite!" Then, the Fire snatches them up like gathering grain.
3. Metaphorical Attribution (Hadhf al-Muḍāf): The meaning is that the guards/angels of Hell (Zabāniyah) do the calling, and this call is attributed to the Fire by omitting the possessor (the Zabāniyah).
4. The Meaning of Destruction (Ihllāk): It means "it destroys," derived from the Arabic usage, "May God call you (Da'āka Allāh)," meaning, "May God destroy you."

Regarding the phrase: {من أدبر وتولى} (those who turned their backs and withdrew): This refers to those who turned away from obedience and withdrew from faith.

Regarding the phrase: {وجمع فأوعى} (and gathered and hoarded): This means he gathered wealth and put it into a container (hoarded it), failing to pay the obligatory Zakah and other due rights.

Thus, {أدبر وتولى} points to turning away from knowing and obeying Allah, while {وجمع فأوعى} points to the love of this world: Gathering indicates greed (ḥirṣ), and hoarding indicates excessive hope/expectation (amal). There is no doubt that the core sources of religious affliction are these two things.

{Indeed, mankind was created anxious/restless (Halū'an)}