Al-Insan (Man): (20) And when you look there...

There are several issues concerning this verse:

Issue 1: Does the verb ra'ayta (you see) have an object?

There are two opinions:

1. Al-Farra' said: The meaning is, "And when you see what is there," and omitting mā (what/that which) is permissible, similar to His saying: {Indeed, what is between you has been severed} (referring to what is between you).
   • Al-Zajjaj disagreed, saying that omitting mā is not permissible because thamma (there) is the ṣilah (the complement/clause) and mā is the mawṣūl (the relative pronoun). It is not permissible to omit the relative pronoun while retaining its complement.

2. The verb has neither an explicit nor an implied object. The purpose is to emphasize and generalize the meaning, as if saying: "And when the sight occurs there..." This means that wherever the seer's gaze falls, their perception is only attached to abundant bliss and great dominion.
   • Thamma (there) is in the accusative case, functioning as an adverb of place, meaning in Paradise.

Issue 2: The nature of the great dominion (mulk) mentioned.

Know that worldly pleasures are limited to three things: satisfying desire, executing anger, and the imaginary pleasure expressed as the love of wealth and status. All of these are contemptible, as even base animals may share in one of them.

Therefore, the great dominion mentioned by God here must be different from those paltry pleasures. It can only be that the soul becomes imprinted with the sanctity of the Malakūt (the realm of sovereignty) and adorned with the majesty of the Divine Presence (Lāhūt).

As for the view based on the principles of the Mutakallimūn (theologians), the interpretation is that it refers to the reward and benefit coupled with glorification. God, in the preceding verses, detailed those benefits, and in this verse, He established the attainment of glorification—that each of them will be like a great king.

As for the Mufassirūn (Exegetes):

• Some interpreted this great dominion to mean that there are benefits exceeding what was previously mentioned. Ibn 'Abbas said: No describer can describe its beauty or goodness. It is said that the person of the lowest rank in Paradise will look upon a dominion spanning a thousand years of travel, seeing its farthest reaches as clearly as its nearest parts.
• Others said it means permanence (no cessation).
• Others said: Whatever they desire comes into being immediately.
• Some interpreted it as glorification. Al-Kalbī said: It means that a messenger from God comes with honors—clothing, food, drink, and gifts—to the friend of God while he is in his dwelling, and seeks permission to enter. And the messenger of the Lord of Might, one of the pure, near angels, does not enter until after seeking permission.

Issue 3: The addressee of the command "And when you see."

Some said that {And when you see} is addressed specifically to Muhammad (peace be upon him). The evidence for this is that a man said to the Messenger of God (PBUH): "If I enter Paradise, will my eyes see what your eyes see?" He replied, "Yes." The man wept until he died.

Others said it is an address to everyone.

{ Upon them will be garments of fine green silk and heavy brocade, and they will be adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord will give them a pure drink. }