Tafsir of Yunus 10:68

{Subḥānahu} (Exalted is He): A declaration of His transcendence above taking a son, and an expression of astonishment at their foolish statement.

{Huwa al-Ghanī} (He is the Self-Sufficient): This is the reason for negating the son. For one who seeks a son is one who begets, and the motive for seeking one is entirely rooted in need. Therefore, since need is negated from Him, the son is likewise negated from Him.

{Lahu mā fī al-samāwāti wa-mā fī al-arḍ} (To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth): He is self-sufficient through His ownership of them, having no need to take any of them as a son.

{In ‘indakum min sulṭānin bi-hādhā} (Do you have any authority for this?): You have no proof for this statement. The bā’ (in bi-hādhā) is grammatically linked to the verb ‘indakum (you have), treating the statement as the location for the authority—similar to saying, "You have no bananas in your land." It is as if it were said: "Do you have, in what you say, any authority?"

{A-taqūlūna ‘alā Allāhi mā lā ta‘lamūn} (Do you say about Allah that which you do not know?): Since He negated their proof, He deemed them ignorant. This indicates that any statement for which the speaker has no proof is ignorance, not knowledge.

{Say, "Indeed, those who invent falsehood about Allah will not succeed. [It is but] a brief enjoyment in this world; then to Us is their return; then We will make them taste the severe punishment because they used to disbelieve."}