Tafsir of Hud 11:117

{وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ لِيُهْلِكَ الْقُرَىٰ بِظُلْمٍ وَأَهْلُهَا مُصْلِحُونَ}

{وَمَا كَانَ}: The word kāna here carries the meaning of "it was not fitting" or "it was not consistent" with His wisdom. The lam (in li-yuhlika) is for the emphasis of negation.

{بِظُلْمٍ}: This is a circumstantial qualifier (ḥāl) pertaining to the Subject (God). The meaning is: It is impossible in [Divine] Wisdom for God to destroy towns while being unjust to them.

{وَأَهْلُهَا مُصْلِحُونَ}: This is stated to declare His Essence free from injustice, and to signal that destroying those who are righteous (muṣliḥūn) constitutes injustice.

It is also said: "Injustice" (ẓulm) here refers to shirk (polytheism). The meaning is: He does not destroy towns on account of their shirk as long as they are muṣliḥūn—meaning they deal with one another in truth and do not add any other form of corruption to their shirk.

{وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ * إِلَّا مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَلِذَٰلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ}