Ar-Raʿd: 33
{Is then He who is standing...}
This is an argument against them regarding their associating partners with Allah. It means: Is Allah, who is standing (watching/guarding) {over every soul}—whether righteous or wicked—{by what it has earned} (knowing its good and evil, and preparing for each its recompense), like one who is not so?
It is also permissible to assume that the predicate of the subject is omitted, and that "and they have attributed" (wa-jaʿalū) is conjoined to it. The representation is: Is He who possesses this attribute—yet they do not declare His oneness—like those {and they have attributed} to Him—He who alone deserves worship—{partners? Say, "Name them!"} That is: You have attributed partners to Him, so name them for Him; who are they? Inform Him of their names.
Then He said: {Or} (am), using the am of disconnection (munqaṭiʿa), similar to your saying to a man: "Tell me, who is Zayd? Or is he too insignificant to be known?" Its meaning is: Rather, do you inform Him of partners that He does not know on earth, while He is the All-Knowing of what is in the heavens and the earth? If He does not know them, it is known that they are nothing to which knowledge can be attached. The intent is to negate that He has any partners. This is like: {Say, "Do you inform Allah of what He does not know in the heavens or on the earth?"} (Yunus: 18).
{Or is it by a superficial statement?}
Rather, do you name them partners by a superficial statement without there being any reality to it? Like your saying: {That is their statement from their mouths} (At-Tawbah: 30), and {You do not worship besides Him except names you have named} (Yusuf: 40).
This argument and the wondrous styles in which it is presented proclaim—with a fluent, eloquent tongue—to anyone who knows and is fair to himself, that it is not the speech of humans. Blessed is Allah, the best of creators.
It was read: (atunabbiʾūnahu) with light articulation.
{Their plotting}
Their deception against Islam through their polytheism.
{And they were diverted} (wa-ṣaddū)
It is read with the three vowel marks. Ibn Abi Ishaq read it (wa-ṣaddun) with nunation.
{And whoever Allah leaves astray}
Whoever He abandons, because He knows he will not be guided.
{Then for him there is no guide}
There is no one capable of guiding him.
{For them is punishment in the worldly life}
This is what reaches them of killing, captivity, and all other trials. It does not befall them except as a punishment for their disbelief; that is why He called it "punishment."
{And they have no protector from Allah}
They have no guardian against His punishment, or they have no protector from His direction against His mercy.
Ar-Raʿd: 35
{The likeness of the Garden which the righteous have been promised: beneath it rivers flow, its fruit is everlasting, and its shade. That is the consequence for those who have feared Allah, and the consequence for the disbelievers is the Fire.}
