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Tafsir of Ibraheem 14:28-30

Surah Ibraheem 14:28

ﱲ ﱳ ﱴ ﱵ ﱶ ﱷ ﱸ ﱹ ﱺ ﱻ ﱼ ﱽ ﱾ

Have you not considered those who exchanged the favor of Allah for disbelief and settled their people [in] the home of ruin?

Tafsir

Al-Kashshaf

Verse range: 14:28-30

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{They exchanged the favor of Allah} Meaning: They exchanged the gratitude due for the favor of Allah with disbelief. Because the gratitude that was incumbent upon them, they replaced with disbelief; it is as if they altered gratitude into disbelief and exchanged it completely. Similar to this is: {And you make your provision that you deny [the truth]} (Al-Waqi'ah: 82), meaning: the gratitude for your provision, as you placed denial in its stead.

Another interpretation: They exchanged the favor itself for disbelief, in that when they disbelieved in it, it was stripped from them. Thus, they remained stripped of the favor, described by disbelief, having acquired disbelief in place of the favor.

They are the people of Mecca: Allah settled them in His Sanctuary, made them the custodians of His House, and honored them with Muhammad (peace be upon him). Yet, they disbelieved in the favor of Allah instead of the great gratitude that was required of them. Or, Allah granted them favor in prosperity and abundance through their two trading journeys, but they disbelieved in His favor, so He struck them with drought for seven years. Thus, they acquired disbelief in place of the favor. Likewise, when they were captured and killed on the day of Badr, the favor had departed from them, and disbelief remained as a shackle around their necks.

From Umar (may Allah be pleased with him): They are the two most wicked clans of Quraysh: Banu al-Mughirah and Banu Umayyah. As for Banu al-Mughirah, you were spared them on the day of Badr. As for Banu Umayyah, they were granted respite until a time. It is also said: They are the Christianized Arabs: Jabalah ibn al-Ayham and his companions.

{And they led their people} Those who followed them in disbelief.

{To the house of ruin} The house of destruction. {Hell} is an explanatory apposition (*'atf bayan*) to "the house of ruin."

It has been recited: {li-yuḍillū} (to lead astray) with both a fatḥah and a ḍammah on the yā’.

If you ask: Leading astray was not their goal in taking partners [with Allah], so what is the meaning of the lām (the "lām of consequence")? I say: Since leading astray was the result of taking partners—just as honor in your saying "I came to you that you might honor me" is the result of the coming—the lām is used, even if it was not the intent, by way of analogy and approximation.

{Enjoy yourselves} This is an indication that because of their immersion in the enjoyment of the present, and because they know nothing else and desire nothing else, they are commanded to do so. They have been commanded by an obeyed commander whom they cannot disobey and over whom they have no authority: the command of [their] desire. The meaning is: If you persist in what you are upon of complying with the command of desire, {then your destination is the Fire}. It is also permissible that it implies abandonment and leaving them to their own devices, similar to: {Say, "Enjoy your disbelief a little; indeed, you are of the companions of the Fire"} (Az-Zumar: 8).

{Say to My servants who have believed, [that] they should establish prayer and spend from what We have provided them, secretly and publicly, before a Day comes in which there will be no exchange, nor any friendship.}