And We had certainly given Moses nine evident signs, so ask the Children of Israel [about] when he came to them and Pharaoh said to him, "Indeed I think, O Moses, that you are affected by magic."
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both): They are the staff, the hand, the locusts, the lice, the frogs, the blood, the rock, the sea, and the Mount [Sinai] which We lifted over the Children of Israel.
Al-Hasan: He replaces the rock, the sea, and the Mount with the flood, the years of drought, and the deficiency of fruits.
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz: He asked Muhammad ibn Ka‘b, who mentioned the tongue [speech impediment] and the blotting out [of wealth]. Umar said, "How can a jurist be anything but this?" He then ordered his servant to bring a pouch. He emptied it, and it contained eggs broken in half, walnuts, garlic, chickpeas, and lentils—all of which were stones.
Safwan ibn ‘Assal: Some Jews asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about these signs. He replied: "Allah revealed to Moses: Tell the Children of Israel: Do not associate anything with Allah, do not steal, do not commit adultery, do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, do not practice sorcery, do not consume usury, do not walk with an innocent person to a ruler so that he may kill him, do not slander a chaste woman, and do not flee from the battlefield. And you, O Jews specifically, do not transgress on the Sabbath."
Regarding {فاسأل بني إسرائيل}:
Interpretation 1: "Ask the Children of Israel" means: Ask them [to go] from Pharaoh and say to him, "Send the Children of Israel with me." Or, ask them about their faith and the state of their religion. Or, ask them to support you so that their hearts and hands are with you. This is supported by the recitation of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): Fasala (فَسَالَ) as a past-tense verb without a hamza, which is the dialect of Quraysh.
Interpretation 2: "Ask, O Messenger, the believers among the Children of Israel"—namely ‘Abdullah ibn Salam and his companions—about the signs, so that they may increase in certainty and peace of heart. For when proofs are manifest, it is stronger and more established, like the saying of Abraham: "But [I ask] only that my heart may be satisfied."
Grammatical Note:
If you ask: To what does {إذ جاءهم} (when he came to them) attach?
On the first interpretation, it attaches to the implied "saying" (i.e., "We said to them: Ask them when he came to them"), or to "ask" in the second recitation.
On the last interpretation, it attaches to "We gave" (آتينا), or to an implied "Remember," or "so they may inform you."
The meaning of {إذ جاءهم} is: When he came to their forefathers.
{مسحورا}: You have been bewitched, and your mind has been confused.
Verses 102–104
**"He said, 'You have already known that none has sent down these [signs] except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as evidence, and indeed I think you, O Pharaoh, are destroyed.' So he intended to drive them from the land, but We drowned him and those with him all together. And We said after him to the Children of Israel, 'Dwell in the land, and when the promise of the Hereafter comes, We will bring you forth in a gathering.'"**
