Tafsir of Al-Isra 17:37

{مرحا} (Arrogantly): This is a state (ḥāl), meaning: one who possesses arrogance (marḥ). It has also been read as maraḥan (as an infinitive). Al-Akhfash preferred the infinitive over the active participle because it carries more emphasis.

{لن تخرق الارض} (You will never tear the earth): You will never create a hole in it by your treading or the intensity of your footfall. It has also been read as lan takhruqa (with a ḍamma on the rāʾ).

{ولن تبلغ الجبال طولا} (And you will never reach the mountains in height): By your stretching. This is a mockery of the arrogant person.

[Regarding the reading of "Sayyiʾatuhu"] It has been read as sayyiʾatuhu (his evil deed), sayyiʾuhu (his evil), by attributing the word "evil" to the pronoun of "all" (kull), as sayyiʾan in some codices, and as sayyiʾāt (plural). In the reading of Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (may Allah be pleased with him), it is kāna shaʾnuhu (his affair).

If you ask: How can it be said sayyiʾatuhu (feminine) when the preceding word was makrūhan (masculine)? I say: The word sayyiʾah (evil deed) functions like a noun, similar to "sin" (dhanb) or "transgression" (ithm). It has moved away from the rules of adjectives, so its feminine gender is of no consequence. There is no difference between one who reads it as sayyiʾatuhu or sayyiʾan. Do you not see that you say, "Adultery is a sayyiʾah (evil deed)," just as you say, "Theft is a sayyiʾah"? You do not differentiate based on whether it is attributed to a masculine or feminine subject.

If you ask: The qualities mentioned include some that are evil and some that are good, which is why some read it as sayyiʾuhu (attributing the evil to the whole). What, then, is the justification for those who read it as sayyiʾatuhu? I say: All of these readings encompass only what was specifically forbidden, not all of the qualities enumerated.

{ذالك ممآ أوحى إليك ربك من الحكمة ولا تجعل مع الله إلاها ءاخر فتلقى فى جهنم ملوما مدحورا} (That is from what your Lord has revealed to you of wisdom. And do not set up with Allah another deity, lest you be thrown into Hell, blamed and banished.)