Tafsir of Al Imran 3:101

"And how could you disbelieve..."

The meaning of the interrogation here is one of denial and astonishment. The meaning is: From where could disbelief find a path to you, while the verses of Allah—which are the miraculous Qur’an—are being recited to you?

"...are being recited to you..."

[They are recited] upon the tongue of the Messenger, fresh and tender, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is among you, alerting you, admonishing you, and removing your doubts.

"And whoever holds fast to Allah..."

Whoever clings to His religion. It is also permissible that this is an exhortation for them to seek refuge in Him to repel the evils and plots of the disbelievers.

"...has indeed been guided..."

He has attained guidance inevitably. It is like when you say, "If you come to such-and-such a person, you have succeeded," as if the success has already been attained; he is informing of it as a realized fact.

The meaning of expectation in "qad" (indeed/has) is apparent, for the one who holds fast to Allah is expectant of guidance, just as the one who seeks out a generous person is expectant of success through him.