Tafsir of As-Saffat 37:83

{مِن شِيعَتِهِ}: From those who followed him in the fundamentals of religion, even if their specific laws (shara'i') differed. Or, those who followed him in steadfastness regarding the religion of Allah and in enduring the deniers. It is also possible that there was agreement between their two laws in most matters.

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "From the people of his religion and upon his path." There were only two prophets between Noah and Abraham: Hud and Salih. Between Noah and Abraham, there were two thousand six hundred and forty years.

If you ask: To what does the adverbial phrase (al-zarf) attach? I say: It attaches to the meaning of "following" (mushaya'a) contained within the word shi'a. It means: "And indeed, among those who followed him in his religion and his piety—when he came to his Lord with a sound heart—is Abraham." Or, it attaches to an omitted verb, which is: "Remember [the one who came] with a sound heart."

{بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ}: Free from all the ailments of the heart. It has been said: "Free from polytheism." However, there is no reason for this specification, as the term is absolute; no single ailment is more deserving of exclusion than another, so it encompasses them all.

If you ask: What is the meaning of "coming to his Lord with his heart"? I say: It means he purified his heart for Allah, and this was known of him, so "coming" is used as a metaphor for that.

{أَئِفْكًا}: An object for the sake of which the action is done (maf'ul lahu). The estimation is: "Do you desire gods other than Allah [out of] falsehood (ifkan)?" The object was placed before the verb for emphasis, and the maf'ul lahu was placed before the direct object because it was more important to him to confront them with the fact that they were upon falsehood and vanity in their polytheism. It is also possible that ifkan is the direct object, meaning: "Do you desire falsehood through them?" Then he explained the falsehood by saying: {آلِهَةً دُونَ اللَّهِ}, implying that they are falsehood in themselves. It is also possible that it is a state (hal), meaning: "Do you desire gods other than Allah, while you are liars (afikin)?"

{فَمَا ظَنُّكُم بِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ}: Regarding the One who is worthy of worship—for whoever is the Lord of the worlds deserves that they worship Him—to the point that you abandoned His worship for the worship of idols? The meaning is: It cannot be imagined in thought or conjecture what would turn you away from His worship. Or: "What is your conjecture regarding Him?"—meaning, what do you think He is, that you have made idols as rivals to Him? Or: "What is your conjecture regarding Him?"—meaning, what will He do to you and how will He punish you, having worshipped others besides Him?

{فَنَظَرَ نَظْرَةً فِي النُّجُومِ * فَقَالَ إِنِّي سَقِيمٌ * فَتَوَلَّوْا عَنْهُ مُدْبِرِينَ}