Tafsir of Ghafir 40:43

{لا جرم} According to the school of the Basrans, the context is that the "la" (no) is a refutation of what his people invited him to. "Jarma" is a verb meaning "it became true/certain," and "anna" (that) along with its clause acts as its subject. That is: the falsehood of their invitation has become certain and necessary.

Alternatively, it may mean "to earn," from the Almighty’s saying: {And let not the hatred of a people... prevent you from acting justly} (Al-Ma'idah: 2). This means: that invitation to them earned nothing but the manifestation of the falsehood of their call.

It is also permissible to say that "la jarama" is analogous to "la budda" (there is no escape). It is a verb derived from al-jarm, which is "cutting," just as badda is a verb derived from tabdid (scattering). Just as the meaning of "la budda annaka taf'alu kadha" (there is no escape for you from doing such) means "there is no distance/avoidance for you from doing it," so too "la jarama anna lahum al-nar" means "there is no cutting off for that." This implies they are eternally deserving of the Fire, with no interruption to their desert, and no cutting off of the falsehood of the idols' call—meaning it remains false and never ceases to be so, such that it would turn into truth.

It is narrated from the Arabs: "la jurma annahu yaf'alu" (with a damma on the jim and a sukun on the ra), in the pattern of budda. Fu'l and fi'l are siblings, like rushd and rishd, or 'udm and 'idm.

{ليس له دعوة} Its meaning is: That which you invite me to has no call to itself at all. It is the right of the One worshipped in truth to call to His obedience, and then to have His servants call to it, manifesting the call of their Lord. But that which you invite to and worship does not call to that, nor does it claim lordship. If it were a rational animal, it would cry out against your calling upon it.

{في الدنيا ولا في الآخرة} This means that in the world, it is an inanimate object incapable of calling to anything else. In the Hereafter, when God brings it to life as an animal, it will disavow those who called to it and those who worshipped it.

It is also said: It means it has no response to a prayer that benefits in the world or the Hereafter, or no "answered call." A call that has no response and no benefit is treated as if it were no call at all. Or, the response is named by the name of the "call," just as the act that is recompensed is named by the name of the "recompense" in their saying: "As you judge, you shall be judged" (kama tadin tudan). The Almighty said: {To Him is the call of truth, and those they call upon besides Him do not respond to them with anything} (Al-Ra'd: 14).

{المسرفين} Qatadah said: The polytheists. Mujahid said: Those who shed blood without justification. It is also said: Those whose evil outweighs their good are the musrifun (the extravagant/transgressors).

It is recited: {fasatadhakkurun} (you will remind one another), meaning: some of you will remind others.

{وأفوض أمري إلى الله} Because they threatened him.

{فوقاه الله سيئات ما مكروا وحاق بآل فرعون سوء العذاب * النار يعرضون عليها غدوا وعشيا ويوم تقوم الساعة أدخلوا آل فرعون أشد العذاب}