Tafsir of Ghafir 40:51-52

"Indeed, We will surely support Our messengers..."

"...in the life of the world and on the Day when the witnesses will stand." Meaning: In both this world and the Hereafter. This signifies that He grants them victory in both realms through proof and triumph over their opponents. Even if they are overcome in this world at certain times as a trial from God, the final outcome belongs to them, and God facilitates those who will exact retribution from their enemies, even if after some time.

"The witnesses" (al-ashhad): The plural of "witness" (shahid), like "companion" (sahib) and "companions" (ashab). It refers to the recording angels, the prophets, and the believers from the nation of Muhammad (peace be upon him), as in: "That you may be witnesses over the people" (Al-Baqarah: 143).

"The Day when the witnesses will stand": This second mention of "the Day" is a substitute for the first. It is possible that they [the wrongdoers] will attempt to offer an excuse, but it will be of no benefit because it is false. Even if they were to bring an excuse, it would not be accepted, according to His saying: "And permission will not be given to them, so they could make excuses" (Al-Mursalat: 36).

"And for them is the curse": Distance from the mercy of God.

"And for them is the evil home": Meaning the evil of the abode of the Hereafter, which is its punishment.

Note: It has been recited as "taqumu" (she stands) and "la tanfa'u" (it does not benefit) using both the 'ta' and the 'ya' prefixes.

"And We certainly gave Moses guidance, and We caused the Children of Israel to inherit the Scripture, as guidance and a reminder for those of understanding."