Muhammad: (16) And among them are those who listen...
"And among them are those who listen..."
They are the hypocrites. They would attend the assembly of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), listening to his speech without comprehending it or paying it any mind, out of negligence.
When they left, they would ask the knowledgeable among the Companions, "What did he say just now?"—doing so by way of mockery.
It is also said: He would be delivering a sermon, and when he criticized the hypocrites, they would leave and ask the scholars that question. Another view is that they said this to Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud.
Regarding the phrase { just now } (ānifan):
Ibn Abbas said: "I am one of them, and I have been named among those who were asked."
It is also recited as anafan (as a verb form), in the accusative case as an adverb of time. Al-Zajjaj said: It comes from "I initiated the thing" (ista'naftu al-shay') when you begin it. The meaning is: "What did he say at the very beginning of the time closest to us?"
{ But as for those who are guided, He increases them in guidance and gives them their righteousness. }