Tafsir of Muhammad 47:29-30

{أضغانهم} (Their rancor): Their deep-seated hatreds.

{وإخراجها} (And bringing them out): Making them manifest to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and to the believers, and exposing their hypocrisy and enmity toward them, for their chests were boiling with rage against them.

{لأريناكهم} (We would have shown them to you): We would have made them known to you and guided you to them, so that you would recognize them personally and they would not be hidden from you.

{بسيماهم} (By their mark): By their sign. This means Allah (Exalted is He) would mark them with a sign by which they would be known.

It is narrated from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him): "Nothing of the hypocrites remained hidden from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) after this verse; he knew them by their mark. We were on one of the expeditions, and there were nine hypocrites whom the people were complaining about. They slept one night, and in the morning, written on the forehead of each one of them was: 'This is a hypocrite.'"

If you ask: What is the difference between the two lams in {فَلَعَرَفْتَهُمْ} (then you would have known them) and {وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ} (and you will surely know them)?

I say: The first is the one that enters into the answer of law (if), like the one in {لَأَرَيْنَاكَهُمْ} (We would have shown them to you), repeated in the conjunction. As for the lam in {وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ}, it occurs with the nun (emphatic) in the answer to an omitted oath.

{فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ} (In the tone of speech): In its manner and style.

It is narrated from Ibn Abbas: It is their saying, "What reward is there for us if we obey?" while they do not say, "What punishment is upon us if we disobey?"

It is also said: Al-lahn (the tone) is to incline your speech, meaning to tilt it toward a certain direction so that your companion understands it, such as allusion (ta'rid) and double entendre (tawriya). The poet said: And I have used a tone for you so that you may understand, And the tone is recognized by those of intellect. One who makes a mistake is called a lahin because he deviates in speech from what is correct.

{وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّىٰ نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَارَكُمْ} (And We will surely test you until We make evident those who strive among you and the patient, and We will test your affairs.)