ﱁ ﱂ ﱃ ﱄ ﱅ ﱆ ﱇ ﱈ ﱉ ﱊ ﱋ ﱌ ﱍ ﱎ ﱏ ﱐ ﱑ ﱒ ﱓ ﱔ ﱕ ﱖ ﱗ ﱘ ﱙ ﱚ ﱛ
Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muhammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allah. The hand of Allah is over their hands. So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah - He will give him a great reward.
Tafsir
Verse range: 48:10
"Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you..."
When He said, "They are actually pledging allegiance to Allah," He emphasized it by way of imagery, saying:
"The hand of Allah is over their hands." He means that the hand of the Messenger of Allah, which is above the hands of those pledging allegiance, is the hand of Allah. Allah, the Exalted, is transcendent above limbs and the attributes of physical bodies. The meaning is simply to establish that the covenant made with the Messenger is like the covenant made with Allah, with no difference between them, just as He says: "Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah" (An-Nisa: 80).
The intended meaning is the Pledge of Ridwan (the Pledge of Satisfaction).
"So whoever breaks it, only breaks it to the detriment of himself." The harm of his breaking the pledge returns to no one but himself.
Jabir ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "We pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah under the tree to [the point of] death, and that we would not flee. None of us broke the pledge except Jadd ibn Qays, who was a hypocrite; he hid under the armpit of his camel and did not march with the people."
It is recited: innama yubayi‘una lillahi (they pledge allegiance for the sake of Allah), meaning: for the sake of Allah and His countenance.
It is recited: yankuthu (breaks) with both a damma and a kasra on the kaf.
Regarding "and whoever fulfills that which he has covenanted with Allah," it is recited: fasanu’tihi (We shall give him) with both the nun and the ya. It is said: wafaytu bil-‘ahd (I fulfilled the covenant) and awfaytu bihi (I fulfilled it), which is the dialect of Tihama. Among these are His words: "O you who have believed, fulfill [all] contracts" (Al-Ma’idah: 1) and "And those who fulfill their covenant when they promise" (Al-Baqarah: 177).
"The bedouins who remained behind will say to you, 'Our possessions and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us.' They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, 'Then who could prevent Allah at all if He intended for you harm or intended for you benefit? Rather, ever is Allah, with what you do, Acquainted.'"
