Tafsir of Ad-Dhariyat 51:1-6

{By those that scatter dust} The winds, because they scatter dust and other things. God Almighty said: "The winds scatter it." It is also read with the ta assimilated into the dhal.

{And those that bear a load} The clouds, because they bear rain. It is also read as waqaran (with a fatha on the waw), naming the carried object with the verbal noun, or as a substitute for the infinitive "carrying."

{And those that glide with ease} The ships. The meaning of yusran is: a gliding characterized by ease, meaning smoothness.

{And those that distribute a command} The angels, because they distribute matters such as rain, provisions, and others, performing this distribution by command. Mujahid said: They are in charge of distributing the affairs of the servants: Gabriel for severity, Michael for mercy, the Angel of Death for taking souls, and Israfil for the blowing [of the Trumpet].

It is narrated from Ali (may God be pleased with him) that while on the pulpit, he said: "Ask me before you cannot ask me, for you will not ask anyone after me like me." Ibn al-Kawwa stood and asked: "What are the scatterers?" He said: "The winds." He asked: "The bearers of a load?" He said: "The clouds." He asked: "The gliders with ease?" He said: "The ships." He asked: "The distributors of a command?" He said: "The angels." The same is narrated from Ibn Abbas.

Al-Hasan said: "The distributors" are the clouds, by which God distributes the provisions of His servants. It has also been interpreted as the seven planets. It is possible that only the winds are intended, as they create the clouds, lift them, direct them, glide through the atmosphere with ease, and distribute the rain by directing the clouds.

If you ask: What is the meaning of the fa (the connective "and/then") in both interpretations? I say: As for the first, the meaning of the sequence is that God swears by the winds, then by the clouds they drive, then by the ships they propel, then by the angels who distribute provisions—such as rain, maritime trade, and their benefits—by God’s permission. As for the second, it is because the wind begins to blow, scattering dust and pebbles, then moves the clouds, then glides through the atmosphere spreading them, then distributes the rain.

{Indeed, what you are promised} This is the response to the oath. "What" (ma) is either a relative pronoun or a verbal noun. The "promised" is the Resurrection. "A truthful promise" is like "a pleasing life." "The Recompense" (al-din) is the requital. "The inevitable" (al-waqi') is that which will certainly occur.