Tafsir of Ar-Rahman 55:37-40

{A rose} red, {like oil} like olive oil, as he said: "like molten copper," which is the dregs of oil. It is the plural of duhn (oil), or the name of that with which one anoints, like khuzām (nose-ring) and idām (relish). He said: As if they were the two water-skins of a traveler, Flowing, when they are anointed with oil.

It is said: Ad-dihān is red leather. ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd read it as wardatun (in the nominative case), meaning: "The sky becomes a rose." This is from the speech called tajrīd (abstraction), like his saying: If I remain, I shall depart on a raid, That gathers spoils, or a noble man dies.

{Neither man} any of mankind, {nor jinn} intended by it: nor jinn, meaning: nor any of the jinn. He placed al-jānn—who is the father of the jinn—in the place of "jinn," just as one says "Hāshim" and intends his descendants. The pronoun for "man" in His saying {about his sin} is singular because it carries the meaning of "any one of them." The meaning is: They are not asked because they are known by the mark of the criminals, which is the blackness of the faces and the blueness of the eyes.

If you say: "This contradicts the Almighty’s saying: 'So by your Lord, We will surely question them all' (Al-Ḥijr: 92) and His saying: 'And stop them; indeed, they are to be questioned' (Aṣ-Ṣāffāt: 24)," I say: That is a long day with many stations; they are questioned in one station and not questioned in another. Qatādah said: There was a questioning, then their mouths were sealed, and their hands and feet spoke of what they used to do. It is also said: He is not asked about his sin so that it may be known from him, but he is asked as a question of rebuke. Al-Ḥasan and ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd read it as wa-lā jā’an to avoid the meeting of two quiescent letters, even if it was within its proper limit.

{The criminals will be known by their marks, so they will be seized by the forelocks and the feet. So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? This is Hell, which the criminals deny. They will go around between it and scalding water. So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?}