Tafsir of Al-Hashr 59:9

{And those who settled} is conjoined to "the Emigrants" (al-Muhajirin); they are the Helpers (al-Ansar).

If you ask: What is the meaning of conjoining "faith" to "the home" (in the phrase "settled in the home and [in] faith"), when one does not say "they settled in faith"?

I say: Its meaning is "they settled in the home and purified their faith," similar to the poet’s saying: "I fed her figs and cold water" (meaning: I fed her figs and gave her cold water to drink).

Or: They made faith a residence and a homeland for themselves, due to their firm establishment in it and their steadfastness upon it, just as they made the city (Medina) such.

Or: He intended "the home of emigration" and "the home of faith," so he placed the definite article in "the home" in place of the genitive construction, and omitted the genitive noun from "the home of faith," placing the genitive modifier in its stead.

Or: He named Medina "faith" because it is the home of emigration and the place where faith appeared.

{Before them} means before the Emigrants, because they preceded them in settling in the home of emigration and faith. It is also said: before their emigration.

{And they find not}—meaning they do not feel within themselves—{any need for what they have been given}, i.e., a request for something needed from what the Emigrants were given of the fay' (spoils) and other things. That which is needed is called a "need" (hajah); it is said: "Take from it your need," and "He gave him his need from his wealth." This means their souls did not covet what was given to others, nor did they aspire to any part of it that might be needed.

{Even if they have poverty}—meaning a state of want. Its root is the khasas of a house, which are its gaps/cracks. The sentence is in the position of a state (hal), meaning: "even while their poverty is assumed."

Historical Context: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) divided the wealth of Banu al-Nadir among the Emigrants and gave nothing to the Helpers except for three needy men: Abu Dujana Simak bin Kharasha, Sahl bin Hunayf, and al-Harith bin al-Simma. He said to them: "If you wish, you may divide your wealth and homes with the Emigrants and share with them in this booty; or if you wish, your homes and wealth remain yours, and nothing of the booty will be divided for you." The Helpers replied: "Rather, we will divide our wealth and homes for them, and we will prefer them with the booty and not share in it with them."

{Stinginess} (al-shuhh), read with both the damma and kasra on the shin, is meanness. It is for a man’s soul to be tight and greedy, refusing to give, as the poet said: "He struggles with a soul between his sides that is tight; whenever he intends to do good, it says to him: 'Slow down!'" It is attributed to the soul because it is an instinct within it. As for bukhl (parsimony), it is the act of withholding itself. From this is the Almighty’s saying: {And souls are brought to stinginess} (An-Nisa: 128).

{And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul}—whoever overcomes what his soul commands him regarding it and opposes its desires through the help and success granted by Allah—{it is they who are the successful}, the attainers of what they sought. It is also read: {And whoever is protected...}.

{And those who came after them, saying, "Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts any resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful."}