Tafsir of At-Tawbah 9:58

{يلمزك} They criticize you regarding the distribution of alms and find fault with you.

It is said: They are those whose hearts are to be reconciled (al-mu'allafati qulubuhum).

It is also said: It is Ibn Dhu al-Khuwaysirah, the leader of the Khawarij. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was distributing the spoils of Hunayn, he said: "Be just, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "Woe to you! If I am not just, then who is?"

It is also said: It is Abu al-Jawwaz, one of the hypocrites, who said: "Do you not see your companion? He only distributes your alms among the shepherds, yet he claims to be just." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: "Woe to you! Was not Moses a shepherd? Was not David a shepherd?" When he left, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Beware of this man and his companions, for they are hypocrites."

It is read as yalmuzuka (with a damma), yulmuzuka, and yulamizuka. The doubling of the letter and the mufa'ala form are for the sake of emphasizing the act of criticism.

Then, He describes them as being pleased or displeased only for their own sake, not for the sake of the religion or the welfare of its people. This is because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was seeking to win over the hearts of the people of Mecca that day by giving them a generous share of the spoils, which annoyed the hypocrites.

The idha (in idha hum yaskhatun) is for suddenness (mufaja'a): meaning, if they are not given anything from it, they suddenly become displeased.

{And if they had been satisfied with what Allah and His Messenger gave them and said, "Sufficient for us is Allah; Allah will give us of His bounty, and so will His Messenger; indeed, we are desirous toward Allah,"}