Tafsir of Ad-Dhuha 93:9

{Do not oppress} Do not overpower him regarding his wealth and his rights due to his weakness. In the reading of Ibn Mas‘ud: (Do not scold/frown at), which means to frown in his face. A person is dhu kahrorah if they are frowning-faced. From this is the Hadith: "May my father and mother be sacrificed for him, he never scolded me." An-nahr (scolding) and an-nahm (rebuking) mean to drive away harshly.

It is narrated from the Prophet (ﷺ): "If you turn away a beggar three times and he does not leave, there is no blame upon you if you rebuke him." It is also said: This does not refer to a beggar asking for money, but rather a seeker of knowledge; if he comes to you, do not rebuke him.

{And as for the favor of your Lord, report it} This means to be grateful for it and to spread it. He intends the favors mentioned: sheltering, guidance, and enrichment, along with all others.

• Mujahid said: "It means the Quran; so report it: recite it and convey what you were sent with."
• ‘Abdullah ibn Ghalib used to say when he woke up: "Allah provided me with good last night: I read such-and-such and prayed such-and-such." When asked, "O Abu Firas, does someone like you say such things?" He replied: "Allah says: {And as for the favor of your Lord, report it}, yet you say: 'Do not report the favor of Allah.'"

Such reporting is only permissible if the intention is to show kindness, to have others follow one's example, and if one is safe from the temptation of pride. Concealment is better; if there were no other reason to avoid it, the mere resemblance to those who show off and seek reputation would be sufficient reason to refrain.

In the reading of ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): (So inform/proclaim).

The Meaning: You were an orphan, lost, and poor, so Allah sheltered you, guided you, and enriched you. Therefore, whatever happens and whatever you imagine, do not forget Allah’s favor upon you in these three matters. Follow the example of Allah: be compassionate to the orphan and shelter him, for you have tasted orphanhood and its humiliation, and you have seen how Allah treated you. Have mercy on the beggar and attend to him with your kindness, and do not drive him away from your door, just as your Lord had mercy on you and enriched you after poverty. And report all of Allah’s favors, which includes His guidance from error and His teaching of the laws and the Quran, following the example of Allah in how He guided you from being lost.

From the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): "Whoever recites Surah ad-Duha, Allah will place him among those for whom He is pleased that Muhammad should intercede, and Allah will record for him ten good deeds for every orphan and beggar."